Itchy scalp - main causes and treatment
Stress
Your head may itch in response to physical or emotional stress. In general, with a large release of adrenaline, the skin may itch - to a greater or lesser extent, depending on individual characteristics. Unpleasant sensations in this case are provoked by the breakdown of adrenaline. Physical overexertion is also fraught with metabolic disorders and local microinflammatory processes - this provokes the appearance of itching and swelling of tissues.
Allergy
An allergic reaction, expressed in the desire to scratch the scalp, may be associated with the cumulative effect of using a product that is not suitable for you: perfume, shampoo, conditioner, etc., and can also occur situationally - immediately after using a product with an allergen. Everyone's skin and body react differently. What suits your friend may not necessarily suit you. Allergic reactions vary from person to person. To exclude the allergen from daily care and select suitable products, you need to consult a trichologist.
Skin diseases
Skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, seborrhea, psoriasis, etc., are manifested by sensations of itching, burning, and inflammation of the skin. If there is one or another disease of the scalp, patients complain of dandruff, crusts, sores, and hair loss. Typically, patients with these pathologies have scalp that is either dry or excessively oily. In this case, the ends of the hair may be dry and the roots may be greasy.
Lack of skin hydration
The use of unsuitable cleansers, abuse of styling products, over-drying the hair with a hairdryer, going to the sauna, constantly wearing a hat, an imbalance of vitamins, acids, and microelements lead to disruption of the protective functions of the skin and a decrease in its level of moisture. Dry skin saves itself by producing more sebum. And this pollutes the hair, gives a person an unkempt appearance, and most importantly, does not eliminate the root cause of the problem. The body wants to help itself, to compensate for the lack of moisture in the cells. From a cosmetology and trichology perspective, we can help the skin become more hydrated with suitable home care products and injectable mesotherapy.
Violations of the integrity of the skin
Damage to the skin - burns, cuts, other injuries - while healing, cause unpleasant sensations - itching and a feeling of tension. By the way, sometimes a vicious circle arises: the head itches due to one pathology or another, a person scratches it until it bleeds, and when it heals, the skin begins to itch again...
Parasites
Lice, fleas, and other parasites cause itching and burning sensations resulting from their bites. Parasitic infections are the most common cause of scalp discomfort. Parasites often affect children, so kindergartens and schools pay great attention to visual inspection of the scalp and hands. Fortunately, modern means make it possible to remove parasites not in a radical way (you don’t have to shave your head), but simply by washing your hair or using special lotions.
Fungus
Fungal infections that provoke itching are associated with increased activity of one or another fungus living on the surface of the body. The most common type of fungal infection is lichen. You can catch lichen in the pool, sauna, gym, or when using other people's hygiene items. And, by the way, it can affect not only the scalp, but also other areas of the body.
Diabetes
An increase in blood sugar levels leads to a desire to scratch, so patients with diabetes often have an itchy head, dandruff, and hair loss.
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Why does dandruff occur?
As mentioned above, this is the result of fungal activity. It parasitizes on fatty environments. The fungus produces lipases and phospholipases to break down sebum and produce the fatty acids it needs to live. The fungus also produces extracellular proteins that enter the skin and lead to the formation of dandruff.
Under normal conditions, epidermal cells live 25–30 days. When pathology occurs, their physiological cycle is shortened to 5–14 days. In such a short period of time, cells cannot normally go through the entire development cycle, do not lose moisture, and therefore stick together. They do not peel off individually, as they should normally, but in flakes. This is dandruff.
Treatment of itchy scalp in adults and children
Treatment should begin with a detailed diagnosis. Based on the results of studies - laboratory tests, trichoscopy, phototrichogram - the patient will be prescribed local therapy (shampoos, ointments, lotions, etc.), medications, hormones, vitamins, microelements - in each case, the treatment plan will be personalized specifically for a specific person. Some ailments, such as parasitic infections, can be cured fairly quickly. Some, for example, skin diseases, require more multi-stage and lengthy treatment.
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What should you not do if you have seborrhea?
- First of all, forget about rubbing with salt. Salt is sometimes recommended to be rubbed into the skin, which supposedly leads to the disappearance of dandruff. However, in reality, everything happens the other way around: rubbing with salt does give a certain effect, but it is short-lived, and then the already irritated skin will begin to peel off even more.
- For dry seborrhea, you should not use table vinegar, as it will dry out the skin even more, and for oily seborrhea, it is better to use only apple cider vinegar, since table vinegar is too aggressive.
- Even with severe itching, try to scratch the itchy areas less, as this will provoke further development of the process of dandruff formation, both dry and oily.
- If you have dry seborrhea, you should not wash your hair too often, and if you have oily seborrhea, you should not wash your hair too often. If you frequently wash a dry hair, the skin will constantly suffer from dryness, and if you rarely wash an oily head, the abundant secretion will heavily pollute the hair and skin, which will only worsen seborrhea.
Dandruff, itchy scalp, hair loss, flaking, redness - reasons, what to do?
In addition to drug therapy, the doctor will give nutritional recommendations. Correcting eating habits is an important step in the treatment of skin pathologies. Skin reflects what we eat and drink. Most likely, the trichologist will recommend giving up sweets, foods containing lactose, fatty, fried, spicy foods, and alcohol. And, of course, foods that cause an allergic reaction in a particular patient should be excluded from the daily diet. You will be able to evaluate the first results of the “new” diet in 3-4 weeks.
Reducing stress levels plays an equally important role. Healthy habits (timely going to bed, breathing exercises, physical exercise, walks in the fresh air, etc.), organizing a healthy environment in the workplace, and communicating with loved ones will help with this.
Proper skin care is very important. At Marina Ryabus’s clinic, you can always purchase the best scalp and hair care products on the recommendation of a dermatologist or trichologist. Comprehensive care will restore the hair structure, thicken it, restore a healthy pH, relieve inflammation, and remove dandruff.
During the treatment period, you will be asked to refrain from using a hair dryer, visiting a solarium, staying in the sun without a hat, or dyeing your hair.
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