Dry seborrhea: diagnosis, symptoms, causes, treatment methods

Treatment of seborrheic eczema in the clinic

To eliminate seborrheic type eczema, the doctor works in three directions at once.
At the same time, therapeutic techniques, physiotherapy and medication are used. Only after using all methods in combination, seborrheic eczema recedes. It is imperative to find out the root cause of eczema and eliminate it simultaneously with the accompanying symptoms. The patient is referred not only to a dermatologist, but also to a gastroenterologist and endocrinologist to study the likelihood of developing seborrheic eczema due to pathologies of the endocrine system or gastrointestinal tract organs.

Causes of seborrheic eczema

Seborrheic eczema, like seborrheic dermatitis, occurs due to the proliferation of microorganisms in the mouths of the sebaceous glands. However, the main causative agent of the disease - Pitysporum ovale - is present on the surface of the skin of almost any person, but rashes occur only in a small percentage of the population. Scientists and dermatologists still cannot answer exactly why this happens, but possible reasons for the development of seborrheic eczema have been identified:

• heredity;
• hormone imbalance and metabolic disorders;
• disruption of the endocrine system;
• disruption of the digestive system, including the liver and gallbladder, intestines;
• weak immunity and hypovitaminosis;
• physical and psychological fatigue.

Seborrheic eczema worsens in winter, when the body suffers from a lack of vitamins and microelements. It is worth remembering that the acute period is accompanied by severe itching, which leads to the formation of wounds. Due to reduced immunity, these wounds become gateways for infection.

Therapeutic methods for treating eczema

For topical use, the dermatologist prescribes ointments and gels, selected by the doctor individually in accordance with the degree of intensity of the symptoms. For severe unbearable itching, corticosteroids are recommended. Antibacterial and antifungal external preparations are also needed to accelerate the regeneration of epidermal cells. In some cases, degreasing treatment of the skin is prescribed using the following means:

• Diamond Green;
• Alcohol solution of salicylic acid;
• A solution of sulfur powder or resin.

Applying these liquids to the skin normalizes the functioning of the sebaceous glands and allows you to dry out weeping crusts.

At the end of the acute period, compositions should be used to remove crusts from the surface of the skin, restore it and reduce itching. It is impossible to remove crusts without treatment, as this can lead to serious injury to the skin, including the appearance of open wounds. Only those crusts that are already falling behind can be removed with processing.

Vegetable oils are well suited for this purpose: sea buckthorn or olive. In one of them, a cotton swab is moistened and oil is applied to the skin. After this, the crust is removed with very careful smooth movements so as not to injure the skin.

A regenerating cream is applied to the surface that has opened at the site of the crust, restoring and strengthening collagen fibers and normalizing metabolism within the epidermis. Most often these are creams with panthenol, sulfur, retinol, deresined naphthalan, tar, zinc, salicylic acid and urea.

Ointments and gels with antibiotics are usually not used for seborrheic eczema. They are prescribed only if clear signs of secondary skin infection are detected, when seborrheic eczema appears again.

Diagnosis and treatment

The doctor collects the patient’s complaints, conducts an examination, dermatoscopy and scraping for subsequent microscopic examination. Consultations with narrow specialists are prescribed to assess the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, diagnose immunological and hormonal status.

Treatment is based on the use of local agents to normalize the function of the sebaceous glands. In case of severe seborrhea, hormonal ointments and shampoos are prescribed, which effectively relieve the exacerbation, but their use is a last resort. If a fungus is detected, the application of antifungal drugs is indicated. You can improve your skin condition using physiotherapeutic methods: laser exposure, cryotherapy, darsonvalization, magnetic therapy. If the skin is inflamed due to a secondary infection, antibiotics must be prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogenic microflora to a specific drug. Treatment of any type of eczema must be accompanied by treatment for concomitant diseases to obtain long-term, stable results.

Seborrheic eczema and physiotherapy

Several physiotherapeutic procedures provide good results for eczema. The choice is made by the attending physician, based on the patient’s condition, his skin type and other nuances. The choice is made from five options:

• Darsonvalization;
• Cryotherapy;
• Magnetotherapy;
• Cryomassage;
• Laser treatment.

Laser beam therapy is currently considered the most effective and safe way to get rid of eczema. This procedure has no contraindications, but is characterized by a positive effect among patients of any age and skin type. The use of laser is equally effective both on the scalp and on any part of the body. For healthy tissues, such a measure is completely safe, as well as for hair and their follicles.

The number of procedures is selected individually. An important role is played by how advanced the seborrheic eczema is and the intensity of its symptoms. Therapy to eliminate the pathology that caused eczema is also taken into account.

The procedure is completely painless for the patient.

Modern features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of patients with eczema

Eczema is an acute or chronic relapsing disease characterized by an inflammatory reaction formed under the influence of exogenous or endogenous factors, polymorphism of rash elements, and severe itching [1, 2]. The problem of eczema is currently becoming more and more urgent. In the structure of the incidence of chronic dermatoses, eczema accounts for up to 40% of all skin diseases. The incidence of eczema occurs in all age groups and often accompanies occupational diseases. According to the results of epidemiological studies, different types of eczema are among the most common diseases in the practice of a dermatovenerologist. The incidence among people of the working population is up to 10% [3]. Loss of temporary ability to work reaches 36% of all labor losses due to dermatoses. Among hospitalized patients, patients with eczema account for more than 30% [4]. The incidence of eczema is higher among women than among men. In recent years, eczema has tended to become more severe with frequent relapses, significant spread of the process on the skin and resistance to treatment [5].

Eczema develops as a result of the complex influence of etiological and pathogenetic factors, including endocrine-metabolic, infectious-allergic, vegetative-vascular and hereditary [6]. Great importance in the formation of eczema is attached to the immunogenetic characteristics of the body - association with the HLA-B22HLA-Cw1 antigen of the body [2]. Genetic predisposition determines disruption of immune regulation, function of the nervous and endocrine systems. In eczema, polygenic multifactorial inheritance occurs with pronounced expressivity and penetrance of genes. If one of the parents (mainly the mother) is ill, the chance of developing eczema in a child is 40%, and if both parents are ill, up to 60% [6]. The pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system is of important pathogenetic significance. Failure of the intestinal barrier, most typical for children, leads to the absorption of undigested protein into the blood [2]. Allergic reactivity also plays a major role in the development of eczema.

According to modern concepts, the main role in the development of eczema is played by T-lymphocytes, which carry specific antigen receptors on their surface and secrete a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause the development of tissue inflammatory reactions. Exogenous influences are extremely diverse. They cause eczematous skin changes through the mechanism of delayed-type hypersensitivity, caused by contact with chemical, biological, drugs and antigenic microbial determinants in foci of chronic infection [6, 7].

Clinical signs of eczema may include itching, redness and flaking of the skin, and the presence of grouped papulovesicles [2]. During the eczematous process, the following stages can be distinguished: erythematous, papular, vesicular, weeping stage, cortical stage, peeling stage [1]. Depending on the characteristics of the clinical picture, the following forms of eczema are distinguished [2]:

• true eczema: idiopathic, dyshidrotic, pruriginous, horny (tilotic);
• microbial eczema: numular, paratraumatic, mycotic, intertriginous, varicose, sycosiform, eczema of the nipples and the areola of the young gland of women;
• seborrheic eczema;
• childhood eczema;
• eczema occupational.

True eczema

In the acute stage, true eczema is manifested by the appearance of vesicles, erythema, point erosions with weeping, serous crusts, excoriations, but there may be papules and pustules. The boundaries of the lesions are unclear. The process is symmetrical; the face and limbs are most often affected, with alternation of healthy and affected skin. The process can also spread to other areas of the skin, including erythroderma. After the transition to the chronic stage, hyperemia becomes stagnant, areas of lichenification and cracks appear. Often the process can be complicated by pyogenic infection; purulent crusts and pustules appear [8].

Monetoid (numular) eczema

Numular eczema is predominantly a disease of adults. Males are affected more often than females. The peak incidence in both sexes occurs between 50 and 65 years of age. The second peak in women occurs between the ages of 15 and 25 years. In newborns and children, nummular eczema is a rare disease. In children it starts at age five. The pathogenesis of nummular eczema is still unknown. Most patients have no personal or family history of atopy, but nummular plaques may be present in tropical eczema. Many factors are considered as the cause of the disease. Elderly patients experience decreased skin hydration. In 68% of patients, foci of infection were identified, including in the dental area and respiratory tract. Environmental allergens, such as house dust mites, also play a role in the occurrence of nummular eczema. Clinically, well-circumscribed, coin-shaped plaques of confluent papules and papulovesicles are visualized. Characteristic signs are pinpoint weeping and the formation of crusts. However, crusts may cover the entire surface of the plaque. The size of the plaques ranges from 1 to 3 cm in diameter. The surrounding skin is normal in most cases, but may be xerotic. The intensity of itching varies from minimal to severe. Resolution of elements in the center may be observed, which is noted in ring-shaped forms of the disease. Chronic plaques are dry, scaly and lichenified. The classic location of lesions is the extensor parts of the limbs. In women, the upper extremities, including the dorsal surface of the hands, are more often affected than the lower extremities.

Microbial eczema

Microbial eczema is a polyetiological disease. The role of the skin barrier in the pathogenesis of microbial eczema is important. Violation of the integrity of the skin during its resorption due to itching forms an entrance gate for infection. Exudation that accompanies eczema promotes the concentration of proteins on the surface of the skin and creates favorable conditions for the proliferation of secondary infections. The state of the skin microbiota in patients with microbial eczema is of great importance. In scrapings of the affected epidermis in patients with microbial eczema, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, non-lipophilic yeast fungi, mainly of the genus Candida spp. The leading pathogens of microbial eczema are infectious allergens - bacterial, viral, fungal protozoans and others. The disease can also be provoked by exogenous stimuli - physical, mechanical and biological. The immunoallergic theory is clearly confirmed by the empirically identified stages of the course of microbial eczema. Initially, the disease develops in the form of eczematization at the site of non-allergic pyodermatitis, and then through localized forms it is transformed into a generalized process. Foci of microbial eczema often occur in areas of long-persistent pyoderma and around purulent wounds. Microbial eczema is a complication of dermatophytosis of large folds and feet, superficial candidiasis of the skin. Initially, sensitization may be monovalent in nature, but over time it becomes polyvalent. In the pathogenesis of microbial eczema, a decisive role is played by bacterial sensitization by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Patients with microbial eczema develop an immunologically caused latent syndrome of endogenous intoxication. An increase in the concentration of circulating immune complexes and the value of the leukocyte index of intoxication are directly proportional to the intensity of immunopathological processes [9, 10]. Microbial eczema mainly manifests itself as asymmetrical lesions. The lesions are round or irregular in shape, have clear boundaries, and are limited by a border of exfoliating epidermis. The central part of the lesions is covered with purulent and serous crusts; after their removal, a weeping surface is revealed, having the appearance of “wells”. The rash is accompanied by intense itching [1].

Seborrheic eczema

Seborrheic eczema begins on the scalp. The lesions spread to the behind-the-ear areas, neck, upper chest, interscapular area, flexor surface of the limbs; Like seborrheic dermatitis, seborrheic eczema is localized in areas of the skin with a large number of sebaceous glands and does not have clear boundaries. Within the lesions, the skin is hyperemic, swollen, small yellowish-pink papules, fatty yellowish scales and crusts are visible on its surface [1].

Varicose eczema

Varicose eczema is associated with the presence of varicose veins in the patient. The lesion is localized on the skin of the lower extremities, mainly in close proximity to varicose ulcers, mainly in the lower third of the leg. Skin maceration, various injuries, and irrational treatment of varicose ulcers play a role in the development of the disease. The disease is accompanied by itching. Differentiate with erysipelas, pretibial myxedema [3, 11–13].

Sycozyform eczema

Sycosiform eczema develops against the background of vulgar sycosis, the pathological process spreads beyond the area of ​​hair growth. As a rule, the skin process is localized on the chin, pubis, upper lip, and axillary region. Clinically, itching and weeping, serous wells are noted, and with the passage of time, areas of skin lichenification appear [2].

Childhood eczema

Childhood eczema manifests itself with clinical signs of true, microbial and seborrheic eczema. The first manifestations appear at the age of 3–6 months. Exudation processes predominate on the skin. The affected areas are symmetrical, brightly hyperemic, edematous, pronounced weeping, layering of crusts. Milk crusts appear. Erythematous lesions have a shiny surface and are hot to the touch. The affected areas are localized on the cheeks, forehead, ears, scalp, extensor surfaces of the limbs, and buttocks. The nasolabial triangle remains untouched. Patients are bothered by itching and insomnia. At the age of 2–3 weeks of life, against the background of reduced nutrition, a characteristic clinical picture of the disease may develop. It often transforms into atopic dermatitis [2, 11, 14, 15].

Eczema of the nipples

Nipple eczema is a consequence of trauma to the nipples while breastfeeding, but in some cases the etiology cannot be determined. It is characterized by slight erythema, mild infiltration, weeping and the presence of serous-hemorrhagic crusts, the appearance of pustules and cracks is possible. Usually the pathological process is bilateral in nature and is not accompanied by nipple hardening [2].

Occupational eczema

Occupational eczema develops under the influence of industrial allergens. Occupational allergens include metal alloys, mercury compounds, penicillin and semi-synthetic antibiotics, epoxy resins, and synthetic adhesives. With occupational eczema, a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction develops. The clinical picture has all the signs of ordinary eczema. Occupational eczema develops mainly in exposed areas of the skin, in areas of contact with an irritant. When the etiological factor disappears, the disease quickly resolves [11, 16].

Paratraumatic eczema

Paratraumatic eczema develops in the area of ​​postoperative scars, in places of improper application of plaster casts, in places of osteosynthesis. Clinically, acute inflammatory erythema occurs, papules or pustules appear, with further formation of crusts. Deposition of hemosiderin in affected tissues is possible [2].

Diagnosis is based on the history and clinical picture of the disease. Laboratory tests are carried out: biochemical blood test with determination of ALT, AST, triglycerides, total protein, creatinine, total bilirubin, glucose; general blood analysis; clinical urine analysis; determination of the level of total IgE in serum using ELISA; skin tests; determination of antibodies to antigens of Giardia, Ascaris, Toxocara and others; histological examination of skin biopsies is carried out according to indications for the purpose of differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of occupational eczema is confirmed by skin testing with suspected occupational irritants. Diagnosis, examination and treatment of a patient with eczema depend on recognizing eczematous changes on the skin, determining the severity of the process and characterizing the rashes in order to classify the forms of eczema the patient has. According to indications, consultations with other specialists are prescribed - an endocrinologist, an allergist, a therapist, a gastroenterologist [2].

In case of true eczema, differential diagnosis is carried out with pyoderma, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and toxicoderma. Differential diagnosis of coin-shaped eczema is carried out with plaque parapsoriasis, pityriasis rosea, and seborrheic eczema. Seborrheic eczema is differentiated from Darier's collicular dyskeratosis and Devergie's disease. Microbial eczema is differentiated from streptoderma, allergic contact dermatitis, and leishmaniasis. Differential diagnosis of sycosiform eczema is carried out with vulgar sycosis. Dyhydratic eczema must be distinguished from pustular bacteridosis, dermatomycosis, palmoplantar psoriasis, pustular psoriasis of the palms, and chronic acrodermatitis of Allopeau [6, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18].

When treating the acute stage of eczema, first generation antihistamines are used. Glucocorticosteroid drugs are used in the presence of severe inflammation. For severe skin itching, a tranquilizer with an antihistamine effect is prescribed. If there is severe exudation, detoxification therapy is prescribed. In the presence of microbial eczema, secondary infection, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, and fever, antibacterial drugs are used. For tylotic eczema in cases of severe infiltration, hyperkeratosis and/or torpidity, it is recommended to prescribe retinoids to the therapy.

Apply lotions with 1% tannin solution, 2% boric acid solution, 0.25% silver nitrate solution, baths with 0.01–0.1% potassium permanganate solution, Tsindol solution 1–2 times a day for 4–7 days . Antiseptic external preparations (brilliant green alcohol solution 1% or Fukortsin alcohol solution) are prescribed externally to the area of ​​the rash 2-3 times a day for 5-14 days. Glucocorticosteroid drugs 1-2 times a day externally for 7-20 days. As acute inflammatory phenomena subside, pastes containing 2–3% ichthammol, naphthalan oil, 0.5–1% sulfur, 2–5% boron zinconaphthalan paste, and 2–5% tar-naphthalan paste are used. Physiotherapeutic treatment includes narrow-band mid-wave ultraviolet therapy with a wavelength of 311 nm, 4-5 times a week, for a course of 25 to 30 procedures. When following a diet, eggs, citrus fruits, poultry, fatty fish, meat broths, whole milk, nuts, carbonated drinks, red wines, and seafood are excluded from the diet of patients with eczema [2].

Thus, eczema is one of the most common diseases resulting from the action of both external and internal factors. The complexity of the pathogenesis of eczema requires an integrated approach to its treatment, taking into account the severity of the process, the form of the disease, the state of internal organs and systems, which requires an individual approach to the management and treatment of patients.

Literature

1. Vladimirov V.V., Zudin B.I. Skin and venereal diseases. Atlas. 2nd edition. M.: Medicine. 2012. 288 p.
2. Federal clinical guidelines. Dermatovenereology 2015: Skin diseases. Sexually transmitted infections. 5th ed., revised. and additional M.: Business Express, 2016. 768 p.
3. Makhulaeva A. M. Results of complex treatment of patients with varicose ecema of the leg associated with mycotic infection // Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2010. pp. 219–224.
4. Nikonova I.V. State of skin biocenosis in microbial eczema // Practical medicine. 2011. pp. 80–83
5. Kurbanova A. A., Kisina V. I., Blatun L. A. Rational pharmacotherapy of skin diseases and sexually transmitted infections. A guide for practicing doctors. M., 2012. pp. 406–407.
6. Dermatovenerology. National leadership / Ed. Yu. S. Butova, Yu. K. Skripkina, O. L. Ivanova. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2022. 896 p.
7. Yusupova LA Level sl-selectin in blood serum of patients with schizophrenia comorbidity pyoderma // European journal of natural history. 2013. No. 3. pp. 19–20.
8. Wolfe K., Johnson R., Surmond D. Dermatology according to Thomas Fitzpatrick. Atlas-directory. 2007. 1312 p.
9. Sokolova T.V., Malyarchuk A.P., Safonova L.A. Strategy for choosing external therapy for microbial eczema // Clinical dermatology and venereology. 2022, 3, 46–51.
10. Yusupova L. A. Prevalence of athlete's foot in patients with mental disorders. In the book: Advances in medical mycology. Sat. scientific tr. M., 2003. T. II. pp. 201–202.
11. Dagilova A. A. General approaches to the treatment of eczema in the practice of an internist // Treating Doctor. 2012, no. 8, p. 15–17.
12. Yusupova L.A. Current state of the problem of skin angiitis // Attending Physician. 2013, no. 5, p. 38–43.
13. Lehucher-Michel MP Dyshidi eczema and occupation: A descriptive study // Contact Derm. 2000. 43. R. 200.
14. Yusupova L. A. Diagnosis and complex therapy of atopic dermatitis in patients with mental disorders // Bulletin of postgraduate medical education. 2003. No. 2. pp. 11–14.
15. Warshaw EM Therapeutic opt for chronic hand dermatitis // Dern. Ther. 2004. 17. R. 240.
16. Yusupova L. A. Prevalence of chronic dermatoses in patients with mental disorders // Bulletin of postgraduate medical education. 2003. No. 3–4. pp. 46–48.
17. Swartling S. Treatment of dyshidrotic hand dermatitis with intradermal botulinum toxin // Am A Dermatol. 2002. 47. R. 667.
18. Holden K. Eczema and contact dermatitis. MEDpress-inform, 2009. 112 p.

L. A. Yusupova*, 1, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor E. I. Yunusova*, Candidate of Medical Sciences Z. Sh. Garayeva*, Candidate of Medical Sciences G. I. Mavlyutova*, Candidate of Medical Sciences E. V. Bildyuk* * A. N. Shakirova *

*GBOU DPO KSMA Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan **GAUZ RKKVD, Kazan

1 Contact information

Modern features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of patients with eczema L. A. Yusupova, E. I. Yunusova, Z. Sh. Garayeva, G. I. Mavlyutova, E. V. Bildyuk, A. N. Shakirova For citation: Attending physician no. 6/2018; Page numbers in the issue: 85-87 Tags: dermatosis, inflammation, etiology, risk factors

Drug treatment of eczema

Taking medications internally is uncommon for seborrheic infections. In the case where it was caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the gastroenterologist, for his part, prescribes a course of treatment at his own discretion. Often after its completion, seborrheic eczema goes away on its own, as it is deprived of the causative factor.

If there is a secondary infection with eczema, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics. After the period of taking them ends, it is the turn of a course of vitamins, antihistamines and means to normalize the functioning of the immune system.

In most cases, seborrheic eczema cannot be treated without eliminating the cause. In addition, a mandatory condition for treatment is the sanitization of infectious foci of eczema.

Principles of treatment

Treatment begins with the establishment and elimination of provoking factors, which are partially listed at the beginning of the article. It will not be possible to cure the disease if you are under stress and psychophysical strain, constantly in contact with substances that cause allergic manifestations, without eliminating microbial or fungal infection.

For any type of eczema, the following have a positive effect:

• drug treatment - taking sedatives and antihistamines;
• plasmapheresis and other methods of extracorporeal hemocorrection;
• vitamin therapy (local and internal) for cell regeneration.

In case of exacerbation, generalized nature and inability to stop the recurrence of the disease, glucocorticosteroids can be added to treatment. Ointments and pastes with keratolytic properties are effective for local treatment. They save the patient from itching and contain anti-inflammatory components. To facilitate the drying of inflammation, special powders, mash, and ointments are used. Spots should be protected from aggressive external influences - wind, frost, sun.

A wide range of physiotherapeutic procedures are used for treatment:

• ozone therapy - flowing carbonation with a special mixture of gases or irrigation and lotions with ozonized water;
• magnetic therapy – the patient is exposed to a magnetic field in a special device;
• laser treatment;
• cryotherapy - use of a cryosauna or cryotreatment of affected areas;
• ultraviolet irradiation;
• baths.

A physiotherapist selects a set of procedures on an individual basis.

In most cases, treatment can be carried out at home, but for some types of disease (cellulitis, herpetic eczema, exfoliative dermatitis), the doctor may recommend hospitalization. To the treatment procedures it is necessary to add a special diet, cessation of smoking and alcohol, enhanced hygiene to avoid infection of wounds, and the correct selection of detergents and creams.

The diet is selected individually. As a rule, smoked products, spicy foods, pickles, canned food, coffee, citrus fruits, bakery and confectionery products are completely excluded. Porridge, fermented milk products, and vegetable soups help cope with exacerbations with balanced therapy.

Treatment of seborrheic eczema on the scalp

When the scalp is involved, therapy is almost similar to the process of eliminating seborrheic dermatitis. The patient is prescribed a number of special products, which include shampoos with salicylic acid, sulfur, zinc pyrithione, naphthalan, tar, and selenium sulfide.

For the entire duration of treatment, you should avoid using conventional cosmetic shampoos, as well as soaps, shower gels and other cosmetics. The fact is that perfume compositions and the surfactants contained in them irritate the skin and cause an increase in the symptoms of seborrheic eczema.

Hygiene products should be replaced with products for hypersensitive and irritated skin, which can be purchased at the pharmacy. They cleanse the skin extremely carefully, while simultaneously disinfecting and softening it. Among such drugs there are many antifungal and antibacterial agents that have a softening and nourishing effect.

Pityriasis versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor
or
pityriasis versicolor
is a fungal skin disease that affects the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Sweating, hot climate, seborrheic skin conditions are predisposing factors for the occurrence of pityriasis versicolor. The incidence of pityriasis versicolor is higher in women and young people. Outbreaks of infection and relapses of pityriasis versicolor are recorded during the hot season. Infection occurs through contact and household contact through the use of shared combs, household items, as well as through direct contact of a sick person with a healthy person.

Pityriasis versicolor begins with the appearance of a single round pink spot, then the same spots, but of a smaller diameter, appear on smooth skin and scalp. With pityriasis versicolor, the skin changes are non-inflammatory in nature, the spots are usually yellowish-brown in color, and when they are scraped, slight pityriasis-like peeling is noted. Pityriasis versicolor spots tend to grow peripherally and merge; there is no itching or other subjective sensations.

Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene is the only prevention of pityriasis versicolor. It is impossible to completely get rid of mycotic cells, and therefore in spring you should use cosmetics with an antifungal effect and avoid sun exposure to prevent relapse.

Is it possible to use folk remedies for eczema?

Some folk remedies, composed of natural products of plant origin, have proven to be very effective drugs for seborrheic eczema. However, it should be remembered that different types of plants and compositions based on them may not be suitable for all people. These are not universal recipes, and their choice should be approached with maximum responsibility. At a minimum, they can cause an allergic reaction, not help, or worse, worsen the symptoms of eczema. For this reason, using folk remedies on your own is strictly not recommended. Before using a traditional medicine recipe, you should consult your doctor.

Experts recognize most traditional methods of treating this type of eczema, and therefore they themselves can prescribe a number of measures from this category. In any case, consultation with a dermatologist is mandatory. Folk remedies can be a good addition to the main course.

As an additional therapy, decoctions of birch buds and oak bark are used. They are used to apply lotions to areas of skin affected by eczema or to take medicinal baths.

A mixture of olive oil, baby cream and golden mustache juice with valerian tincture for treating the scalp has a good effect. The composition is applied to the surface of the skin and hair 2 hours before washing to speed up healing and give the skin nourishment. A mixture of garlic and nettle, washed off with chamomile decoction, has a similar effect. Any means of general strengthening and calming action are useful, which should be given the greatest preference.

Diet and lifestyle for seborrheic eczema

Since eczema can also be the result of an allergic reaction, its treatment is associated with eliminating the likelihood of allergies. To prevent the signs of eczema from worsening, you should follow a diet that does not contain allergens, since allergic reactions will add unpleasant symptoms, even if there was another reason for them. As with any skin disease, following a hypoallergenic nutrition plan for the pathology in question is mandatory. It will not only speed up recovery, but will also have a positive effect on the condition of internal organs.

You need to especially carefully monitor your diet in winter, when the body is already weakened. It is necessary to avoid citrus fruits, seafood, nuts, honey and whole milk. You should also exclude canned food, homemade preparations, spices, salted and smoked foods. It is better to avoid red berries and fruits, as well as fried and fatty foods in your diet.

Foods that are useful for seborrheic eczema are boiled and baked foods, soups and cereals, green apples, bananas and other fruits, light-colored vegetables.

During the entire period of therapy for eczema, exposure to sunlight on the skin, exposure to heat and a humid microclimate should be avoided. For this reason, visiting baths and saunas is strictly contraindicated for patients. You should take baths and showers only at medium temperatures without steaming or exposure to hot water and steam.

Prevention and prognosis of seborrheic eczema

Seborrheic eczema recurs in rare cases, but in order to completely guarantee the absence of relapses, you should follow a few simple rules. This aspect is extremely important for patients with chronic seborrheic eczema. Preventive measures include avoiding several factors that irritate the skin and worsen its condition:

• Frequent hair coloring and perms;
• The use of cosmetic shampoos and cosmetics that are not designed for the risk of eczema and other skin pathologies;
• Direct skin contact with household chemicals.

People who are overweight and prone to seborrheic eczema should carefully monitor their diet. It is important to lose weight in order to normalize the functioning of internal organs and body systems.

The best preventative measure for eczema is regular visits to a dermatologist for examination and diagnosis. If acute illnesses occur, you should immediately contact the clinic.

Attention!

This article is posted for informational purposes only and under no circumstances constitutes scientific material or medical advice and should not serve as a substitute for an in-person consultation with a professional physician.
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Prevention

The manifestations of seborrheic eczema can be kept under control by organizing a healthy lifestyle with careful skin care throughout the body.

Of great importance are:

• balanced diet with the exclusion of allergens;
• regularly wash your hair with a gentle shampoo;
• refusal of cosmetics with aggressive components;
• course intake of vitamins and minerals;
• ensuring a stable psycho-emotional state.

Properly organized treatment and subsequent supportive measures will bear fruit - the skin will be cleared of scales, oily shine will disappear, and there will be no need to mask defects in other ways.