If you have problems with digestion, intestinal papillomas may be the cause. Pathology is a neoplasm in any part of the intestine that is benign in nature. Human papillomaviruses of various types can provoke the disease. Recently, the number of patients with intestinal papillomas has increased, which is associated with non-compliance with proper nutrition and exposure to negative factors. You should know the main signs of the disease and how to get rid of papillomas so that they do not degenerate into a malignant tumor.
HPV can also infect the intestines, which will affect the structure of the walls of the organ and create the threat of other, more dangerous complications.
Causes of the disease and symptoms of papillomas
A virus is responsible for the formation of formations in the perianal area, which can be caught during sexual intercourse with an infected partner. Modern methods of contraception do not provide complete protection; in addition, the insidious virus can be transmitted through mucous membranes and skin.
Symptoms of papillomas in the anus are listed below:
- Excess moisture in the anal area.
- Burning, itching.
- Pain during bowel movements, sometimes accompanied by blood.
It is important to understand that many proctological problems have similar symptoms, and in order to understand what kind of disease you have been exposed to, you need to see a doctor. And the sooner, the more accurate the diagnosis will be made, and the easier it will be to go through the treatment phase.
Rectal papillomas are formed on the mucous membrane of the rectum and anus as a result of infection with the human papillomavirus. The incubation period varies and can last up to six months. As a rule, papillomas in the rectum form against the background of weakened immunity. Papillomas bring many problems to the patient, ranging from unpleasant sensations to the possibility of papillomas transforming into cancer.
Rectal papillomas are usually divided into three categories:
- Single, small size.
- Single, large.
- Multiple, forming united areas.
Visually, they look like a wart with a mottled surface on a thin stalk, but sometimes their size exceeds 2 cm in diameter. The color of papillomas can be different: light or dark.
Causes of the disease and symptoms of papillomas.
You can become infected with rectal papilloma during sexual intercourse with an infected partner. Modern methods of contraception do not provide complete protection; in addition, the insidious virus can be transmitted through mucous membranes and skin.
Symptoms of papillomas in the rectum:
- Sensation of moisture in the anal area.
- Burning, itching in the anus.
- Pain during defecation, blood in stool.
Almost all proctological diseases, such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, papillomas, cancer, have similar symptoms, so in no case should you self-medicate if you experience discomfort in the anus.
You need to contact a professional doctor - proctologist at the Only Clinic, undergo a proctological examination for an accurate diagnosis and strictly follow the treatment prescribed by the doctor.
Diagnosis and treatment of rectal papillomas.
At an appointment with a proctologist at the Only Clinic, to finalize the diagnosis, you will be prescribed blood and urine tests, as well as anoscopy and sigmoidoscopy procedures. These proctological examinations allow a thorough examination of the rectal mucosa, so that reliable information about the condition of the intestine can be obtained, and, accordingly, appropriate treatment can be prescribed.
It is impossible to cure papillomas forever. The virus is dangerous because of its relapses, and papillomas can develop into cancer. Therefore, most often, proctologists offer patients removal of papillomas.
Treatment, that is, removal of papillomas, can be carried out in several ways:
- Laser.
- A surgical scalpel.
- Radio wave therapy.
- Electric shock.
Difference between condylomas and papillomas.
Condylomas and papillomas have different forms, but the nature of their origin is the same: the cause of their appearance on the human body is the HPV virus.
In addition, the symptoms of papillomas and condylomas are also similar.
The differences between these diseases are as follows:
Condylomas have a hanging appearance, protrude forward, have the shape of papillae, and the method of infection is through sexual contact. Condylomas must be removed.
Papillomas are similar in appearance to warts and can be transmitted through household contact. If they do not cause pain, papillomas do not need to be removed.
Prevention of papillomas.
It is very difficult to get rid of a virus that causes formation in the rectum. It is easier and simpler to take precautions to avoid becoming infected with this virus:
- You need to lead a healthy lifestyle and constantly improve your immunity, then go in for sports, exercise, moderately combine work and rest, get enough sleep, eat right, and give up bad habits.
- You can take immunostimulating drugs after coordinating the use of medications with your doctor.
- Observe personal hygiene rules.
- You can get vaccinated against strains of the virus. You can do it either under the direction of a specialist, or at your own request.
- Avoid casual sex
- Do not use other people's personal hygiene products
- Be careful in crowded places: swimming pools, baths, saunas, gyms.
- Regularly, at least once a year, undergo examination by a proctologist at the Only Clinic.
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Diagnosis and choice of treatment method for papillomas
In addition to the obligatory visit to the proctologist, for the final confirmation of the diagnosis it is necessary to take control blood and urine tests, consult with related specialists and undergo a sigmoidoscopy procedure. This study allows you to carefully examine the rectal mucosa, obtain reliable information about the condition of the intestines, and, accordingly, prescribe appropriate treatment.
No method of combating papillomas provides an absolute guarantee of complete recovery. Such viral diseases are dangerous due to their relapses; in addition, growths can develop into malignant formations. Therefore, it is most often suggested to remove them.
Excision of papillomas can be done in several ways:
- Laser.
- A surgical scalpel.
- Radio wave therapy.
- Electric shock.
To achieve the best result, it is necessary to cut out all formations present on the patient’s body. The method of excision should be agreed upon with the attending physician after all tests have been completed.
4.Treatment
An anal papilloma, even a single, small, completely asymptomatic and generally discovered by chance, is not recommended to be left “as is”. Simply put, you can't. The risk of further growth, inflammation, and malignancy is too great. Therefore, not only a thorough clarifying and differential diagnostic examination is indicated, but also surgical removal. Today, various high-tech methods are successfully used - for example, radio wave, cryodestructive, electrocoagulation, laser - to minimize trauma, pain, the risk of complications and the duration of the rehabilitation period. However, there is always a possibility of relapse, since it is extremely difficult to completely destroy the HPV virus in the body (in practice, this should be understood as “impossible”), and surgical removal of the papilloma does not mean eliminating its etiopathogenetic causes. Therefore, immunostimulating and restorative therapy is mandatory with the categorical exclusion of those risk factors listed above that can be excluded. To relieve postoperative discomfort, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed, as indicated, as well as bed or home rehabilitation.
Conservative treatment of anal papillomas is ineffective, self-medication with “folk remedies” is dangerous.
Difference between condylomas and papillomas
Condylomas and papillomas that occur on the human body have a common nature - a viral type pathogen. In addition, the signs of the presence of these pathologies in the rectum are also similar. But there are also differences between them:
| Appearance | Infection method | Treatment | |
| Condylomas | “hang”, protrude forward, are formations of the papillary type. | appear as a result of sexual contact with an infected partner. | must be excised. |
| Papillomas | similar to warts - pathologies that have grown into the mucous membrane or skin. | may occur even after contact with the patient’s personal belongings. | sometimes it is not necessary to remove them, since they do not always cause pain, discomfort and are not so dangerous. |
3. Symptoms and diagnosis
Most often, papillomas are compared in appearance to cauliflower. These are relatively flat, lumpy growths that can vary in size and color, and also grow together into fairly large colonies. In the case of anal localization, such formations can cause itching, maceration (wetting), bleeding with a tendency to constipation and injury from dense feces, and a sensation of a foreign body. With a significant increase in size and intraintestinal localization (and papilloma does not always remain on the surface of the anus, it can also develop on the walls of the rectum), a mechanical obstacle to defecation is created, up to partial or complete obstruction.
Diagnosis of anal papillomas includes examination, sigmoidoscopy and anoscopy, selection of material for biopsy (histological, cellular analysis). It is necessary to differentiate papilloma, first of all, from condyloma acuminata, which is characterized by a characteristic elongated shape and a tendency to inflammation, as well as with neoplasms of a different nature.
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Prevention of papillomas
It is not easy to get rid of a virus that causes formations on the human body. But there is a small set of measures to help protect yourself from infection or eliminate the possibility of relapse:
- Work to improve your immunity: sports, hardening, good sleep, healthy eating, giving up bad habits.
- The use of immunostimulating drugs is allowed, as agreed with the attending physician.
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Vaccination against several strains of the virus is possible. However, in our country this vaccination has not yet been fully studied, and therefore it is not included in the preventive vaccination calendar. You can do it either under the direction of a specialist, or at your own request.
- Be attentive to your sexual partners, and also, if possible, avoid being in large crowds of people in saunas, baths, swimming pools - in places with a warm and humid environment that is favorable for the spread of the virus. You also need to be careful with other people's personal hygiene products.
- Regularly see a proctologist to monitor the condition of the rectum.
2. Reasons
The growth of papillomas is caused by the activity of the virus of the same name - HPV, or HPV, or, in its full name, human papillomavirus. The frequency of its carriage on the globe is very high, since HPV can be transmitted through sexual contact, household contact, tactile contact, and from mother to fetus during childbirth. To date, 27 species and several hundred constantly mutating and successfully adapting strains of this virus are known. Some of them are relatively harmless, others are “responsible” for the appearance of warts, condylomas and papillomas, and some subtypes have proven aggressive oncogenicity.
Considering the above, it is not difficult to identify the main risk factors for the appearance of anal and genital papillomas:
- decreased immunity (including those caused by alcohol, smoking, drug addiction, chronic diseases, hypovitaminosis, abdominal surgery, chemical and environmental hazards, frequent hypothermia, etc.);
- promiscuous sex life with frequent changes of partners and anal sex;
- visiting public baths, swimming pools, etc.;
- neglect of personal, especially intimate hygiene and basic precautionary principles.
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Polyps and papillomas: what is the difference?
Intestinal polyps and papillomas are often confused with each other, mistakenly believing that they are the same thing. Although this is not true. There are significant differences between these neoplasms that are not noticeable at first glance. The main similarity is that both of these neoplasms are benign in nature. The table shows the main features of intestinal papillomas and polyps:
| Indicators | Intestinal polyps | Papillomas |
| Description and features of manifestation | A benign neoplasm that occurs due to hormonal imbalance or a weakened immune system. | A formation of benign nature, which is formed as a result of the penetration of human papillomavirus. |
| Locations | Mucous membranes of the intestines, rectum, stomach, colon. | Papillomas can also form on the mucous membrane, but most often affect the outer part of the rectum (skin). |
| Appearance | A mucous neoplasm that has an elongated stalk. They have a smooth surface. | Papilloma is quite similar to a wart, the top layer is rough. Intestinal papilloma has no stalk and a thick base. |
| Size | The size varies from 1 to 5 cm. | The tumor can be from 1 mm to 2-3 cm. |
| Varieties | Polyps are divided into many types, most of which threaten cancer. | The classification of papillomas is not so broad; they rarely degenerate into oncology. |
Methods for diagnosing polyps and papillomas of the anus
It is important to pay attention to symptoms that may indicate the presence of formations: a feeling of discomfort or a foreign body in the rectum, burning, mucus-like discharge from the anus - this is a serious reason to consult a proctologist.
Endoscopy
It should be taken into account that in the initial stage of development such formations may not manifest themselves in any way, and they can only be identified endoscopically (during recothoromanoscopy or colonoscopy).
More information about the diagnostic method
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