Cyanosis: what is it, types and causes of bluish tint of the skin of the face, lips, treatment and consequences

Jowls (correctly - jowls) - this word refers to saggy, flabby cheeks that deform the line of the lower jaw and chin.

Jaws on the cheeks age the face by 5-10 years, making it sad and tired. They cannot be hidden with makeup. And even celebrities who regularly take care of themselves do not always win for an even lower jaw line. See for yourself.

Do you think that this verdict cannot be appealed? In this article we will talk about methods that really help. But first we need to determine who the enemy is and with whom we will fight.

Why do jowls appear?

Our face consists of 57 muscles and fat, which is concentrated mainly in the cheek area. This cheek fat, in honor of the French anatomist Marie François Bichat, has its own name - Bichat's fat pads, and reaches a very impressive size.

With age, any person experiences drooping of facial tissues. The lower jaw to the left and right of the chin is devoid of muscle support (this can be easily seen in the figure), and nothing prevents sagging in this area.

As a result, characteristic sagging is formed along the jawline - “bulldog cheeks”, which make the facial contour wavy.

In thin people, shaving is usually due to excess skin and only skin. In all other cases, sagging is enhanced by subcutaneous fat or descending lumps of Bisha

It is believed that Bisha's structures contribute not only to the “blurring” of the contour of the lower jaw, but also cause nasolabial folds and form sufas on the face.

Most often, sagging skin in the lower jaw area is the visible result of a number of invisible changes that have occurred to our face over the years:

• Low collagen and elastin content. Collagen inside our skin is like the reinforcing mesh in buildings made of monolithic concrete. Only with age does the old collagen “break down”, and the new one is not synthesized actively enough. This causes the skin to lose support and elasticity.
• Weakening of the facial muscles, which cannot hold the skin and subcutaneous fat high in the same place. Thus, as a result of weakening of the cervical platysma muscle, a “goiter” and a double chin are formed in the neck area. The same mechanism underlies sagging cheeks.

• Due to a lack of certain elements and hormonal changes, the bones become thinner and the face becomes flattened. Cheekbones lose their “sculpted” volume. Deprived of this important support, all facial structures, like on a sled, literally “slide” down.

• An age-related decrease in the amount of melanin pigment in the skin makes it vulnerable to sunlight and accelerates aging.

A face with jowls is not just a problem of age. There are other reasons too. Individual facial characteristics, stress, constant exposure to wind and cold, smoking, alcohol, coffee, poor nutrition, certain medications, endocrine diseases, rapid weight loss, a poorly developed chin and even the force of gravity all contribute.

The risk of developing early jowls is especially high in heavy individuals with a large amount of cheek fat. These are overweight people and those who, at normal weight, inherited chubby cheeks.

The same factors apply to men. But due to gender characteristics, they have less facial fat. Their skin is not subject to hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy and menopause; it remains dense for a long time. Therefore, men's jowls appear 10-15 years later.

Expert comment:

“The appearance of jowls in youth is usually a consequence of being overweight. In all other cases, this is an obvious sign of age.

. But if jowls appear after 40 years, there is no need to urgently remember the forgotten cosmetologist.

Don't get me wrong, you definitely need to continue to take care of yourself. But creams, face masks, peelings and mesotherapy do not work on jowls. And do not rush (no matter what they tell you) to invest money in fillers and 3D mesothreads - they do not work against sagging of the lower jaw, and you will simply waste your money.

To get rid of jowls on your face after 40, you need to work with the causes, not the consequences.

.»

Andrey Iskornev, plastic surgeon.

The mechanism for the formation of jowls on the face is the drooping of intrabuccal fat.

Types of cyanosis

The pathological condition can be divided on several grounds. A generally accepted way of typing a disorder is by origin.

Accordingly, they are called:

• Acrocyanosis is a blue discoloration of the tip of the nose, lips, fingers, that is, the end parts of the human body. Occurs in cardiovascular disorders and diseases associated with insufficient oxygen supply (respiratory disorders).
• Central or diffuse cyanosis. accompanied by a change in the shade of all tissues of the body as a whole, without individual localizations. It is especially common in circulatory pathologies and respiratory failure. Treatment must be carried out quickly, because the process is generalized and affects all systems.
• Peripheral variety. When your fingers, nails, arms, legs, face turn blue. In a word - limbs and their individual segments or the head area. A pathological change occurs with intense ischemia against the background of problems with the blood, heart, defects or other changes in cardiac structures.
• Other local varieties. When the process affects only certain parts of the body. For example, the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and genital structures acquire a bluish tint.

It is impossible to say exactly why. The development factor can be anything: from a local inflammatory, degenerative process to a generalized blood flow disorder.

Cyanosis can be divided into several more varieties:

• By location: total or local, when the change in shade covers individual areas of the body.
• By exact location: perioral cyanosis (around the nasolabial fold) or distal (affects the limbs, individual segments of the arms or legs).
• By duration: permanent (which does not end at all and characterizes the patient’s condition over a long time) or transient (develops in a paroxysmal manner: it begins and resolves itself, without outside intervention from doctors).

These classifications are actively used in medical practice to describe the pathological process. Determining the vector of diagnosis, developing a strategy for therapeutic measures.

How to remove jowls at home

Expert comment:

“There are cases when it is not at all necessary to resort to the services of doctors to get rid of jowls. Often, overweight young people simply need to lose weight. Excess fat on the face will disappear, elastic skin will tighten, and the facial contour will become smooth and graceful.

The main thing is to avoid rapid weight loss, otherwise the skin will sag before it has time to shrink. It is best to lose weight by 4-5 kg ​​per month under the supervision of an endocrinologist in combination with physical activity. Fat “burns” only in the muscles, and to get rid of fat in the cheeks you need to tense all the large muscles of the body.”

Maxim Vasiliev, plastic surgeon.

Kinesiology facial taping

The general name of the procedure comes from the words kinesio - movement, and tape - tape, i.e. “moving belt”, “moving belt”. Initially, the method was used to restore athletes, treat injuries, increase endurance in training, and prepare for competitions.

In cosmetology, facial taping is used because of its ability to influence the moving tissues of the face - muscles, blood, lymph.

Types of aesthetic taping are aimed at combating the main age-related problems that worsen the appearance.

Is it possible to fight jowls using conservative methods?

Unfortunately, all home methods are preventative. Removing jowls without surgery is only possible if they have just begun to appear and have not yet gained a foothold in their occupied “positions.”

You can start eliminating jowls with lifting masks.

One of the most effective modeling masks is a tar mask: finely grate 1/8 of a piece of tar soap and beat into foam, adding a little sour cream. Apply the resulting mixture to the chin, neck and décolleté. Let it dry and reapply the mask until completely dry. Then rinse with warm water and lubricate the skin with cream. This mask has a strong lifting effect and will significantly tighten slightly sagging skin in just a month.

You can use ready-made pharmaceutical masks. Look for marine plankton, kelp, brown algae, lecithin, panthenol, and allantoin in their composition.

You can also do a facial massage yourself: twist a small terry towel into a rope, soak it in a saline solution and pat your lower jaw and neck on all sides for 15 minutes. After the procedure, lubricate the skin with cream.

Clinical manifestations of the tear trough

The main places where deep furrows appear are in the eye area (in the corner, above and below the eyelids), on the cheeks, near the ears, between the eyebrows, in the corners of the mouth, and on the chin. It is also worth noting the nasolabial folds and horizontal lines on the forehead and neck, which gradually deepen with age.

Classification of wrinkles according to the Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (MFWS):

• Class 0 (no wrinkles) - no visible wrinkles, skin uniformly smooth.
• Class 0.5 (very small) - wrinkles barely visible to the eye.
• Class 1 (minor) - slight indentations in the skin.
• Class 1.5 (pronounced) - depressions less than 1 mm.
• Class 2 (medium) - clearly visible relief bends from 1 to 2 mm.
• Class 2.5 (medium deep) - visible wrinkles more than 2 mm deep, but less than 3 mm.
• Class 3 (deep) - grooves on the skin more than 3 mm.

Despite the general similarity of localization, wrinkles are located differently in each person, forming an individual pattern - the so-called “wrinkleprint”, similar to fingerprints. In experiments, it was found that the future localization of wrinkles and furrows on the face can be determined approximately 8 years before their appearance. Moreover, for this you do not need to perform complex tests - just smile ( Fig. 2 ).

Rice. 2. Diagnosis of wrinkles at rest ( Baseline neutral ), when smiling ( Baseline expression ) and after 8 years at rest ( 8-year neutral ). In the third row of each column you can see the features of the patterns of periorbital wrinkles at rest, when smiling and after 8 years at rest (Farage MA, Miller KW, Maibach HI (Eds.) Textbook of Aging Skin. Springer 2010: 916)

Exercises for jowls

If you are not lazy and devote only 15-20 minutes a day to yourself, then gymnastics will return a blooming, fit look to young people. People with pronounced age-related changes, unfortunately, will not be able to remove jowls with exercises, but the complex proposed below will help slow down further sagging of the skin:

• - puff out your cheeks strongly for 30 seconds every day and roll the air in all directions,
• - pursing your lips like a tube, “blow out” an imaginary candle 50–55 times daily,
• - press your index fingers firmly to your cheeks and try to smile, overcoming resistance. This is a great exercise to strengthen your facial muscles!

Contour plastic surgery of jowls

Facial reinforcement with Radiesse gel or RegenLAb plasma filler. The drugs are injected deeply into the periosteum area under the cheekbones. Thanks to this technique, the face restores youthful volume, acquires clear, graceful contours and a heart shape.

In the injection area, gels as a bonus start the process of skin restoration and help to significantly refresh it, eliminate wrinkles and smooth out folds.

Remember! There is no point in injecting gel or lipofilling directly into the lower jaw. This will solve the problem (and only briefly) for those whose sagging is caused by excess skin and is not accompanied by excess fat.

Jowl lift with threads

Go to the mirror and slightly lift the skin in the cheekbone area upward. Do you see how the oval of the face has straightened out and the chin has become more youthful?

Installing threads creates the same effect - it returns the sagging tissues back to the top. After half a year, the threads dissolve and leave behind a strong, collagenous frame, which maintains the achieved result for about 4 years.

Expert comment:

“Reinforcing shavings alone is fundamentally wrong. The flutters are just a consequence. The reason is the prolapse of soft tissues. Therefore, first of all, you need to strengthen your face in the area of ​​the cheeks, cheekbones and temples. Strengthening them will pull the fringes up and prevent them from sagging quickly.

To enhance the effect of the procedure, I usually recommend eliminating excess subcutaneous fat, which over time will move down again and lead to the formation of new jowls. To solve this problem, along with reinforcement, a course of Dermaheal Eyebag Solution will be administered - a lipolytic that breaks down fat and at the same time strengthens the skin.”

Andrey Iskornev, plastic surgeon.

Photos "before" and "after"

The result “before” and “after” correction of the oval face and jowls. Surgeon: Vasiliev Maxim.

The patient came to the clinic for a swollen oval face, sagging cheeks, and shaved hair. A medial corset platysmaplasty and neck lift with a cosmetic incision behind the ear were performed. Result: a clear jaw contour, a straight and toned neck, a young and sharp cervical-chin angle. Surgeon: Vasiliev Maxim.

Neck lift using dynamic platysmoplasty - the chin will not sag even when tilted. Result 10 hours after surgery. There is swelling and markings. Surgeon: Vasiliev Maxim.

The patient was concerned about age-related excess skin in the neck area and was not ready for radical intervention. Surgeon Vasiliev Maxim performed a thread chin lift “NAS lift” (NAS lifting).

“Before” and 10 days “after” rhinoplasty (surgeon Mkhitar Meloyan) and removal of Bisha lumps (surgeon Andrey Iskornev). The lower third of the face stretched out, the heaviness of the cheeks went away. The face looks lighter and more harmonious.

Laser nanoliposuction of the chin, modeling of the face with one’s own fat, thread lifting of the lower third of the face according to the method of A. Iskornev. Before and 4 days after the procedure.

Completed by: Vasiliev Maxim.

Rules for facial taping

Achieving noticeable results depends on following the rules.

1. Prepare your facial skin for taping. Remove makeup, degrease with alcohol solution, wipe dry.
2. Relax your facial muscles, warm them up with a light massage.
3. Hold the tape in your hands to heat and soften the adhesive layer.
4. Apply the tape without tension, along the massage lines. Direction - from center to periphery. Chin and forehead from bottom to top. This way you set the muscles to the correct physiological position.
5. Rub the glued tape to activate the adhesive layer.
6. Wearing time 30 minutes - 8 hours. If you need long-term treatment for deep wrinkles, apply the tape overnight. Sleep on your back.
7. Before removing the applications, soak them in cosmetic oil or a special spray.
8. Carefully remove the strips without stretching and holding the skin.
9. Wash your face and apply a soothing moisturizer.

Implant installation

Due to its anatomical features, a small chin itself is often the cause of the formation of jowls at a young age. Sagging skin is effectively corrected by chin augmentation.

Photos “before” the operation and on the 5th day “after”.

Removal of Bisha's lumps, chin endoprosthetics with a Porex implant (USA), laser liposuction of the chin, thread lifting of the lower third of the face. Surgeon - Iskornev A.A.

How to tighten jowls surgically

If jowls appear on a “heavy” face against the background of large excess skin, the methods listed above will give a weakly expressed aesthetic effect. In this case, the face can only be modeled using surgical lifting.

Platysmoplasty and SMAS lifting will help tighten the jowls on the face. During the operation, the tissues are moved to their previous, youthful position and securely fixed. Excess skin is removed. In the muscle-free area of ​​the lower jaw, the surgeon artificially creates support systems that keep facial tissues from rapidly sagging.

This method eliminates age-related sagging skin, makes the face young and harmonious. Deep folds and wrinkles are smoothed out, the oval line of the jawline is leveled, a deep, even “angle of youth” is formed between the chin and neck, the corners of the lips are raised and the “crying Pierrot” facial expression disappears.

Postoperative sutures are polished after a month and become completely invisible even without makeup.

Causes

Now it’s worth specifying the factors for the development of the pathological process. Broadly speaking, the culprits could be:

Heart defects

Classic example. Most often we are talking about damage to the valves of cardiac structures: tricuspid, aortic or mitral. It doesn't really matter in the context of the topic. The point is different.

Blood must move strictly in one direction. When a defect develops, the valve cannot stop the reverse flow. The so-called regurgitation occurs.

Accordingly, the functional blood volume decreases. There is not enough of it to provide the tissues with oxygen. But carbon dioxide still penetrates the body directly and indirectly. After all, waste products must be removed in any case.

The cause of cyanosis of the skin is an inadequately high release of carbon dioxide from the tissues, which leads to altered coloration of the mucous membranes and skin. Other defects are also possible. They are treated promptly, under the supervision of a cardiac surgeon.

Inflammatory heart diseases

Slightly less common. Basically, these are myocarditis or rheumatism. The first process is infectious. The second is autoimmune.

The reason is pretty much the same. The body is not able to supply the body and all its systems with sufficient blood, nutrients and oxygen. And the products of biochemical reactions, harmful substances, are excreted into the body at the same rate. The body cannot cope with such a load.

Specific treatment is required under the supervision of a cardiologist. The best thing is in a hospital.

Perioral cyanosis (around the nasolabial triangle) develops against the background of damage to cardiac structures, blood vessels and insufficient blood circulation, which becomes a consequence of inhibition of cellular respiration and oxygen metabolism.

Functional disorders in the functioning of cardiac structures

For example, various forms of arrhythmias. When the intensity of contractions changes, as does their nature, cardiac output as a whole also decreases. This is an understandable phenomenon.

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by an insufficient amount of simultaneously circulating blood, an increased direct release of carboxyhemoglobin, which gives the dermis such a specific shade.

Coronary insufficiency

Simply put, poor blood circulation in the myocardium. The heart provides the entire body with nutrition and oxygen, but it itself requires a huge amount of resources to work. If support is weakened, pathological processes begin.

Coronary insufficiency exists in two main forms: angina and heart attack. That is, subacute and critical, emergency conditions. Both are potentially fatal, it's just a matter of time.

Trophic and respiratory disorders lead to a change in the skin tone of the nasolabial triangle to bluish.

A heart attack and its consequences

If the patient manages to extricate himself from a dangerous situation, a new risk awaits him. The dead parts of the heart can no longer function. A rough scar is formed. This is the so-called cardiosclerosis.

It is useless to fight it, only supportive therapy remains. You need to constantly take medications that optimize oxygen metabolism.

Otherwise, cyanosis and accompanying pathological processes are formed: heart failure, ischemia, hypoxia of all tissues, starting with the heart and brain itself. This is fraught with a recurrence of a heart attack or stroke.

Asthma

It is becoming more common even among younger patients. The essence of the disorder is a sharp narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi. Very often this is a manifestation of an allergic reaction.

Essentially, we are talking about an autoimmune disorder. The concentration of red blood cells does not change, there is a lack of oxygen, and the amount of carbon dioxide remains the same.

The cause of cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle is the increased production of carboxyhemoglobin, a transporter for waste products.

Inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract

A cyanotic tint to the nasolabial fold is possible with pneumonia, bronchitis and other inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract. Occurs against the background of a previous or acute infection. As a complication or primary disorder.

The essence is the same: swelling and damage to the bronchial tree (lumen of the respiratory tract). Recovery almost always needs to be done in a hospital setting. The patient should be monitored very carefully.

Respiratory failure of any etiology

Against the background of an inflammatory process, a state of shock, allergies or for other reasons.

Cyanosis of the lips, nose and other structures develops against the background of the release of carbon dioxide into the blood, the formation of excess carboxyhemoglobin molecules, as in previous cases.

Anemia

Oddly enough, the cause is common, but the manifestation is almost unnoticeable. At least in the early stages of the disease.

In almost 70% of cases, the pathology is quite mild. That is why the sign is almost invisible.

With the development of sub- and decompensation, the opposite is true. Facial cyanosis occurs due to excessive accumulation of carboxyhemoglobin in red blood cells.

Even against the background of a deficiency of the necessary protein, the remaining functional molecules take on compensatory work. Oxygen is added poorly, but carbon dioxide is enough for the wave.

A paradoxical situation arises: cellular respiration is greatly changed, but the transport of waste products remains at the same level. The more intense the pathological process, the worse the situation with the symptom and in general.

Some forms of poisoning

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For example, sulfur compounds, cyanide fumes, acidic volatile substances, salts of heavy and alkali metals. There are many options.

The same thing occurs with the systematic use of hormonal drugs, anti-inflammatory and cardiac drugs without the prescription of a specialist.

Atherosclerosis

Acute narrowing of large vessels of the body or deposition of harmful cholesterol on their walls. Blood flow becomes too weak to provide oxygen to the tissues. Ischemic processes begin. This is the main factor in the formation of the problem.

Thrombosis of various types and forms

About the same thing, only the culprit is not an atherosclerotic plaque, but a blood clot enriched with the sticky protein fibrin.

Most often, blood clots affect the lower extremities. Also the heart, but in this case there is much less time for treatment.

Drug intoxication

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The use of heroin, opioids, and synthetic substances is especially dangerous in this regard.

Diffuse cyanosis is a consequence of a general, generalized circulatory disorder, insufficient cellular respiration of tissues. Particularly after using drugs.

Too much alcohol

Causes poisoning of all body structures. This is how ethanol breakdown products act, which are very toxic and provoke a lot of symptoms besides (for example, a hangover).

Some types of infectious diseases

From a common cold, when waste products of microorganisms block access to oxygen, to something significant.

The so-called periorbital cyanosis is known - blue discoloration of the area around the eyes, cheeks and ears. This symptom often occurs with tuberculosis and concomitant respiratory failure.

The list is approximate. In fact, the disorder can be triggered by any disease, damage to the lungs, heart, blood vessels, and even other conditions, for example, cancer or those associated with bone marrow dysfunction.

Photos "before" and "after"

SMAS face lift. Surgeon - Andrey Iskornev.

SMAS face and neck lift. Surgeon: Iskornev A.A.

SMAS face and neck lift. Photos before and 7 days after without photo retouching. Surgeon: Iskornev Andrey.

Isolated lift of the lower third of the face and neck. Tightening of jowls and folds of sorrow in the corners of the lips. Surgeon: Vasiliev Maxim.

In the absence of significant excess skin, a comparable effect can be achieved with a thread lift of the face and neck. The best result is obtained by placing 4 threads: 2 on each side of the face.

SMAS mid-face lift, endoscopic forehead lift, deep Hollywood platysmaplasty, CO2 fractional skin resurfacing, lip contouring. “Before” and 10 days “after”. Surgeon: Iskornev Andrey.

Table of contents

1. Etiology and pathogenesis
2. Clinical manifestations
3. Principles of treatment

Furrows on the face (deep wrinkles, creases, folds) are visible changes in the relief of the facial skin in the form of local depressions of more than 3 mm. Usually combined with other signs of chrono- and photoaging of the skin, underlying structures and the whole organism.

In our company you can purchase the following equipment for treating furrows:

• AcuPulse (Lumenis)
• UltraPulse (Lumenis)

It turns out that jowls “after 40” can be avoided

Hollywood beauty standards have long been shaping the fashion on faces and in everyday life: beautiful, high cheekbones and the effect of sunken cheeks even after 50.

The procedure for removing Bisha's lumps performed at a young age is a reliable prevention of the formation of jowls after forty. By the way, it is used not only to get rid of excess cheek fat.

This technique has a dazzling bonus for correcting the shape of the face: you can noticeably highlight the cheekbones and create the effect of sunken cheeks a la Angelina Jolie, lighten the lower part of the face, visually making it narrower and more prominent.

During the procedure, Bisha's fatty lumps are not completely removed. This approach allows you to get “thoroughbred” and young, blooming cheekbones, avoiding the effect of a haggard face.