Care for combination skin: choosing the right products

How to determine your skin type

Before choosing care products, you need to determine your skin type. Sometimes just looking at the face is not enough; an additional test is necessary. And the most difficulties arise for those with a mixed type.

To no longer torment your face with improper care, do a simple test right now.

1. Wash thoroughly. Do not apply any skincare products.
2. After an hour, pat your face dry with a paper napkin.
3. If there is an oily stain left, then you have oily skin. If the spot is barely noticeable, then you have a normal type of dermis. If there is no trace, then most likely you have a dry type. Well, for girls with combination skin, the spot remains only in the T-zone (forehead, nose and chin).

What does “combination skin” mean?

Mixed facial skin is called mixed skin. Areas where oily skin is located

• forehead;
• nose;
• chin.

Areas with normal or dry epidermis:

• whiskey;
• cheeks.

The frequency with which, according to statistics, mixed skin is present on the face of people by age category (percentage):

• adolescence – 80;
• under 25 years old – 40;
• 25 – 35 years – 15.

Features of combination skin

The peculiarity of mixed epidermis is that the T-zone area is oily, and the cheeks are dry or normal.

• The T-zone area may become shiny from secreted fat;
• Blackheads and pimples often appear;
• Pores are enlarged;
• The cheeks dry and peel, or are in normal condition.

As a result, the owners of such dermis (and they are approximately 80% of people!) do not understand - what to do? Buy cosmetics for normal, oily or dry skin?

By the way, do not confuse dry and dehydrated dermis. Dryness is a natural feature that you just have to learn to live with. But dehydration appears due to improper care and this can be corrected.

How to distinguish dry dermis from dehydrated?

1. In a dry type, pores are not visible at all; in a dehydrated type, they may be.
2. Girls with dry skin practically do not suffer from acne, while those with dehydrated skin may have a lot of them.
3. Dehydration occurs during the cold season, while dryness is always present, no matter what.

Age-related skin changes

From the moment a person is born, his skin begins to undergo age-related changes. Let's look at several stages that have specific age-specific characteristics.

Newborn skin

In newborns, the skin is covered with a curdled, cheese-like lubricant - vernix caseosa, consisting of fat, glycogen, extractives, salt and cholesterol, odorous and volatile acids and vitamins. After a few days it disappears due to swaddling and drying.

Due to the first irritation in their life from environmental actions, the so-called erythema of newborns , or physiological catarrh of the skin. It becomes hyperemic - bright red, sometimes with a bluish tint. After two or three days, the hyperemia gives way to peeling, especially pronounced on the palms and soles. This is a kind of chemical peeling!

Baby skin

The progression of age-related changes takes its course. The skin becomes thicker, its protective functions gradually become more advanced. Nevertheless, a child’s skin retains a number of differences:

• The epidermis (outer layer) is thinner and the cells are much smaller. Irritation develops more easily.  
• The density of sweat glands is 5-7 times higher than in adults. At the same time, the thickness of subcutaneous fat is lower. Hence, less perfect thermoregulation, a greater tendency of children to hypothermia or overheating.
• A larger specific amount of sebaceous glands leads to the fact that children's skin is more often of the oily type than dry.
• The ability to form melanin is lower than that of an adult and therefore babies are so helpless in relation to the action of ultraviolet rays.

Girl/boy skin

At this age, the final formation of the skin occurs, and although there are no age-related changes yet, other troubles come to the fore: the skin is unpleasantly shiny, the pores are clogged, which is typical not only for the skin teenagers, but also for the skin of girls . Thus, the main problem for both boys and girls during puberty is acne (adolescent acne). Here it may turn out that as hormonal changes are completed, acne will fade away, gradually disappear by the age of 25-30, and, perhaps, you will have to be treated comprehensively and for quite a long time, but almost always with victory at the finish line; The main thing is to consult a doctor in time. And it should be remembered that in addition to a temporary cosmetic defect, acne can seriously affect the immature psyche of a teenager, and also, in severe cases, lead to irreversible or rough scars that are difficult to correct.

In addition, from the onset of puberty until adulthood, under the influence of female sex hormones, there is a gradual change in the percentage of of ceramides (ceramides). Since ceramides, among other things, play an important role in the formation of the skin barrier, which controls transepidermal water loss (TEL), the functioning of this barrier can be significantly influenced by hormonal levels.

Skin of a young woman - over 30 years old

After a short period of flourishing female beauty, when the unpleasant acne has already passed, the first signs of age suddenly begin to appear. This is not aging yet, but already the beginning of fading. What changes happen after 30?

• Predominance of the stratum corneum of the epidermis.

• The rate of division of basal cells decreases, the basal layer becomes thinner, while the thickness of the stratum corneum, on the contrary, increases. This process causes the skin, especially dry skin, to become parchment-like.

• Reduced production of collagen and elastin fibers, their degenerative changes.

• Scientists have found that starting from the age of 30, collagen synthesis decreases by 1% per year. At the level of the dermis, collagen and elastic fibers thicken, their arrangement becomes more chaotic, and the process of their regeneration slows down. The skin loses its elasticity .

• Microcirculation disorder leads to deterioration of complexion.

• A gradual breakdown of microcirculation leads to a decrease in trophism (nutrition), which in turn starts a vicious circle of accelerating the aging process. In addition, reduced blood supply simply leads to a deterioration in complexion.

• Muscular dystonia is a disorder of muscle tone, especially the muscles of the face and neck.

• The muscles of the forehead and chin shrink, forming deep transverse and longitudinal wrinkles. The muscles of the cheek area, on the contrary, sag, causing drooping of the corners of the mouth and deformation of the oval of the face.

Sex differences

It is interesting to note a number of gender differences - the difference in the properties and structure of the skin between men and women. The specific density of collagen, which characterizes the “laying” of fibrils in the dermis, is significantly lower in women at almost any age than in men. This is due to the influence of androgens, so men are luckier in this case - they seem “younger” than their peers of the opposite sex.

Also, there are gender differences in the thickness of subcutaneous fat, as well as in the structure of its distribution among parts of the body (the so-called female and male body type). 

Sensitivity to pain in women, despite popular belief, is significantly higher than in men, which is associated with the thinner thickness of women's skin.

Thanks to the female sex hormones estrogen, the skin becomes more elastic and firm. With a sharp jump in weight, total sagging of the skin does not occur. And the lack of estrogen threatens excessive hair growth of the skin, the color becomes pale with a grayish tint.

Features of the skin of a woman over 40 years old

The processes of physiological age-related changes in the skin described above are increasing. There is a process of involution - “reverse” development, age-related dystrophy. There is a decrease in the thickness of the epidermis, hypodermis, and the length of long hair follicles, and atrophy of small sebaceous glands begins. Collagen fibers thicken, connective tissue degeneration occurs; Some of the fibers stick together or fall apart. The amount of mucopolysaccharides in the skin decreases, which leads to its dehydration.

External manifestations of age so far become noticeable only in those zones where several predisposing and unfavorable factors are summed up at once. 

Thus, crow's feet appear in the corners of the eyes. This is due to the fact that the skin around the eyes is three to four times thinner than in other areas of the face, there is a minimal layer of hypodermis under it, there are few sebaceous glands in this area, the secretions from which protect the skin from harmful environmental factors, little elastin and collagen fibers Well, in addition, due to facial movements, the skin around the eyes is subject to constant mechanical deformation. All this leads to the fact that the first “age-related” worries in the mirror arise about the skin around the eyes.

Other “problem” age areas:

• nasolabial fold - its depth and “expressiveness” gradually increases.
• skin of the eyelids - there is an excess of it, the skin becomes heavier, folds appear on the eyelids.
• neck skin - the first familiar wrinkles and folds of skin on the neck appear, and with excess weight, a “double chin”.

In addition, many women experience problems related to hormonal status, for example, hair growth on the upper lip. Microcirculatory disorders lead to vascular appearances - rosacea, spider veins and telangiectasias.

  Skin of a woman over 50 years old

The increase in skin aging processes becomes avalanche-like and is associated with the general condition of the body. At the pathophysiological level, the following changes occur in the skin:

• thinning of the skin,
• reduction of subcutaneous fat on the face, cheeks and neck with its simultaneous thickening on other parts of the body,
• reduction in the amount of mucopolysaccharides in the dermis,
• collagen degeneration,
• decreased blood supply to the skin
• change in skin type towards dry, sometimes even “parchment”
• significant slowdown in regeneration processes
• increase in pH - shift to the alkaline side
• decrease in barrier properties.

One of the most significant factors leading to external changes in the skin in this period of life is the age-related hormonal changes of a woman - menopause.  

Estrogen inhibits the secretory activity of the sebaceous glands, increases the content of hyaluronic acid, converts collagen into an insoluble form, and is involved in the regulation of melanogenesis. A decrease in the level of estrogen in the blood leads to the fact that the oiliness of the skin decreases, it becomes dry and thin, like parchment, its hydration decreases and elasticity, age spots appear.

Below is a list of external manifestations - the most characteristic (more than 10%) skin changes in women by the age of fifty (the list is sorted by frequency of occurrence):

• Circles under the eyes
• Horizontal wrinkles on the forehead
• Vertical glabellar wrinkles
• Wrinkles under the eyes
• Drooping of the upper eyelid
• Hair growth above the upper lip
• Bags under the eyes

• Telangiectasia
• Pronounced deep nasolabial folds
• Crow's feet in the corners of the eyes
• Senile lentigo (senile “freckles”)
• Radial wrinkles around the lips
• Double chin
• Increased hair growth on the cheeks and chin
• Sagging skin with changes in facial ovalTypes of st

Causes of premature aging of facial skin:

1. Unfavorable environmental conditions, when polluted, insufficiently humid air and wind contribute to clogged pores, inflammation, and metabolic disorders.

1. Lack of moisture, which changes the structure of the skin. The deficiency cannot be eliminated by drinking, since cosmetics are needed to retain water molecules.

1. Bad habits - smoking, alcohol, drugs as a source of toxins. The resulting toxic compounds destroy cells, promote the formation of free radicals, and provoke nutritional deficiency.

1. Lack of nutrients and vitamins - participants in metabolic, oxidative, reduction processes, and immune reactions.

1. Stress and a busy life schedule, a tendency to workaholism.

1. Active facial expressions are the habit of wrinkled nose, forehead, and eyebrows.

1. Improper care, causing loss of moisture, inflammation, and with early use of age-related cosmetics - disruption of skin functions.

1. Sleep less than 7 hours a day, which is why tissues do not have time to renew themselves.

Types of facial skin aging and their characteristics

Despite the fact that everyone’s face ages, it happens differently. One of several aging scenarios is being realized. What it will be like depends on your skin type, as well as your body type, face shape, and health status.

Tired

This type of aging is typical for those with normal and combination skin, with an average degree of development of subcutaneous fat and muscles. They have a thin or normal build and a diamond-shaped or oval face.

Fatigue aging is accompanied by the following phenomena:

• complexion becomes dull;
• muscle tone and turgor decrease;
• pastiness develops and volume is lost;
• the corners of the mouth and eyes droop;
• a tear trough appears and the nasolabial fold deepens.

Pastosity is an unexpressed swelling or pre-edema state, which is accompanied by a decrease in elasticity and a feeling of doughiness when pressed. In the morning the face is fresh, but by the end of the day it takes on a sad or sad expression.

The “tired” type of aging is considered favorable; it easily responds to procedures.

finely wrinkled

This is how thin women with dry skin and poor development of the subcutaneous fat layer age. As they age, they experience:

• moisture deficiency;
• wrinkles around the mouth, eyes, forehead;
• drying out of the face like a baked apple.

The advantage of this development is that due to the absence of a fat layer on the face there is no ptosis (sagging), so the oval contour is preserved for a long time.

Deformation

It occurs in dense people with a full face, who have combination or oily skin, with a well-developed layer of subcutaneous fat. Often such women suffer from venous insufficiency, so they are characterized by facial redness and rosacea.

Signs of this type of aging:

• “creeping” oval of the face;
• jowls (sagging skin in the area of ​​the lower jaw and neck);
• formation of a double chin;
• bags under the eyes;
• edema;
• nasolabial folds;
• “marionette lines,” which run from the corners of the mouth to the chin, giving the face a sad or stern look.

The lower third of the face suffers the most.

Combined

This type of aging combines all the phenomena described above. It is typical for normal or slightly overweight people with combination skin. Small wrinkles appear in “dry” areas, and where fatty tissue is developed, pastiness appears.

The combined type is the most complex, but at the same time the most common.

Muscular

This is how the face of women of Asian origin changes with age, who have well-developed muscle muscles as opposed to a layer of fat. The face looks young for a long time, the oval remains clear, wrinkles do not bother you over the years.

Age-related changes occur rapidly, within one to two years, due to weakening of muscle tissue. Creases appear, deep wrinkles appear, and the upper eyelid droops.

This is the final stage, which occurs in everyone after 75 years of age. At this stage, the signs listed above appear.

Is it possible to prolong youth?

The answer is yes. It is enough to follow simple rules from an early youth:

1. Protect yourself from the sun's rays - both with wide-brimmed hats and cosmetics with light filters, and wear sunglasses.
2. Do not smoke or abuse alcohol, give up drugs.
3. Include fresh vegetables and fruits, seafood in your diet, reduce the amount of sugar, simple carbohydrates, and cholesterol.
4. Maintaining normal weight, fluctuations are also undesirable.
5. Sleep at least 7 hours.
6. Avoid stressful situations.
7. Take vitamin complexes, but only after visiting a doctor who will determine the body's needs.
8. Exercise in moderation.
9. Do gymnastics and facial massages.

The cosmetologist will select care, taking into account the types of facial skin aging and the problems that need to be solved. How can a cosmetologist help, in what ways?

Rejuvenation techniques.

Fortunately, a beautiful, good-looking woman over forty is no longer a miracle, but rather the norm. A healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, getting enough sleep, vitamin therapy and, of course, the achievements of modern medicine and cosmetology help to achieve this.

Miguel Cervantes said: “It is a sin if a woman looks less beautiful than she could be.” Nowadays this expression is especially relevant, because... So many tools and techniques have been created to maintain and improve female beauty that it’s really a sin not to use them!

Botox injections

The use of Botox for rejuvenation has been used for quite some time, its effectiveness and safety have been proven. More often it is used to correct aesthetic problems of the upper part of the face. This procedure will help remove facial wrinkles on the forehead, on the bridge of the nose, in the corners of the eyes, above the lips.

Mesotherapy

For this procedure, various compounds and extracts are used, which are selected depending on the needs of the skin and are administered intradermally. Facial mesotherapy is quite effective and popular - it can be used to fight age spots, wrinkles, sagging skin, puffiness under the eyes, scars and stagnant spots from acne, rosacea.

Biorevitalization

Another procedure that is based on injections of hyaluronic acid-based drugs directly into the skin. This procedure helps restore skin elasticity, increases skin resistance to external influences, restores its water balance and physiological processes within the skin, and helps restore collagen production.

Biorevitalization helps prevent the appearance of pronounced signs of aging; it is indicated both at a young age and at a more mature age for more effective rejuvenation.

RF lifting

For those who prefer rejuvenation without needles and injections, the RF lifting procedure is perfect. It is based on the use of radio frequency radiation, which affects the deep layers of the epidermis. This procedure works great on the areas around the eyes, on the cheekbones and cheeks, on the chin and neck, on the forehead - in short, on all problem areas.

With the help of thermolifting, you can quickly restore skin tone, remove sagging, and tighten wrinkles. It is recommended for skin rejuvenation after the age of 35. The procedure is completely painless, does not require a recovery period, and is well tolerated.

Fractional laser rejuvenation

This is a fairly new procedure, also aimed at rejuvenating the skin and eliminating defects. Fractional laser rejuvenation helps to significantly improve the appearance of the skin, get rid of wrinkles and age spots, tighten the skin and improve its texture.

Photorejuvenation

The photorejuvenation procedure makes it possible to get rid of age-related skin changes and delay their appearance. This method gives a long-lasting, sustainable result when used systematically over a course. Positive changes are noticeable after the first procedure.

A cosmetologist has many more interesting and effective things in his arsenal, visit him and stay young and beautiful as long as possible.

Dermatovenerologist of the outpatient dermatovenerological department No. 3 of the health care institution “City Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary” Gapanovich Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna, tel. 8-029-772-58-49.

Steps to care for combination skin

The basic stages of care are the same for everyone. But the means need to be selected based on the individual characteristics of the body.

1. Makeup removal
   - if you wear makeup, you need to wash off your makeup every evening. Even if you are very tired and want to get into bed as soon as possible. Remember that oily dermis is prone to inflammation, and cosmetics provoke them. Use micellar water or hydrophilic oil.
2. Washing
   - You probably use tap water to wash your face. But in few cities it is soft and clean. Most often, it negatively affects the condition of the skin. . But you still need to wash your face. What to do then? Try hydrosol with lavender from Beauty 365. No chemicals - only pure mountain water and lavender. By the way, it can be used on any part of the body! An indispensable product that removes all inflammation and even minimizes dandruff.

3. Toning
   – Many people don’t use toner. But in vain, since it restores the pH level after washing, and vitamins and minerals nourish the dermis. By the way, hydrolate can also be used as a tonic.
4. Peeling
   - scrubbing should be done at least a couple of times a week, as it provides maximum exfoliation and removes dead skin cells. This helps regulate sebum production and prevents the appearance of acne (and if you already have it, dries it out).
5. Hydration
   - Absolutely everyone needs it! It doesn't matter whether your dermis is oily or dry. The only difference is the means. A life hack for those with combination skin is to apply a light moisturizing gel to the entire face and additionally lubricate dry areas with a thick cream. And absolutely everyone can try hemp balm with verbena.

6. Deep cleansing
   - use masks at least several times a week. For example, clay ones dry out oily areas well, get rid of acne and excess fat, and make the dermis smooth and radiant. But do not let the clay mask dry out, otherwise it will cause dryness and discomfort.
7. Skin nutrition
   - almost the same as hydration, but deeper. Use thick nourishing creams, natural coconut oil or special fabric masks. This stage is most relevant in winter and spring, when the body experiences the greatest stress.

Hardware cosmetology

The use of hardware cosmetology today has become an indispensable part of salon procedures for caring for different skin types. And this is especially true for combined, which requires a special, special approach.

The advantages of hardware cosmetology include its versatility and compatibility with any type of care. Among them:

• darsonvalization: the effect of current on some cosmetic problems in order to eliminate them;
• cryotherapy: the use of cold factors that give a peeling effect, improve skin tone and elasticity;
• vacuum lymphatic drainage: reduces congestion, heals aging skin;
• hardware peeling: a procedure for deep skin cleansing, the effect of which lasts for a long time;
• hardware massage: usually used to correct excessive sebum secretion;
• hardware lifting: rejuvenation and tightening.

A whole range of cosmetic procedures is available today in specialized centers. With their help, you can easily achieve the effect of well-groomed, healthy, beautiful and radiant skin.

Skin care should be systematic and regular. To reduce the amount of sebum secreted, a course of procedures may be required, but in the future it will only be enough to maintain the effect at the proper level with the help of special care at home or in a beauty salon.

Suitable Ingredients for Combination Skin

You read the ingredients of the products you apply to yourself, right? For the combined type, the following ingredients are most relevant:

1. Glycerin and hyaluronic acid create a protective barrier that does not release the necessary moisture outside.
2. Antioxidants (for example, vitamins C and E) - prolong the youth of the skin.
3. Lipid-reducing components - protect against dehydration.
4. Clay and zinc have bactericidal properties and reduce sebum production.
5. Salicylic acid and retinoids - ensure renewal of the dermis, eliminate wrinkles and acne.
6. Panthenol - soothes irritated skin.

What to do after determination?

The next step is to select care taking into account your skin type and other features. It is best if a care strategy is developed by a specialist who takes into account not only the degree of oiliness of the epidermis, but also other nuances. But the general direction of care can be determined independently.

It should be taken into account that:

• The more active the sebaceous glands are, the lighter textures should be used;
• Everyone needs hydration, but it is especially important to hydrate dry skin;
• Products for the care of oily skin contain anti-inflammatory additives, since increased oiliness of the skin is often accompanied by rashes;
• Absolutely everyone needs UV protection;
• Creams “for all skin types” are best suited for the care of normal skin; in other cases, it is better to give preference to products that meet the needs of your skin.

If you don’t have time to select cosmetics at random, or if you are unhappy with the condition of your skin, it is better to make an appointment with a cosmetologist and receive individual recommendations on self-care. This approach allows you to achieve the optimal effect, saving time and money.

Care at different times of the year

The time of year and climate have a profound impact on the condition of our skin. To always look good, change your care depending on the weather.

In summer

The dermis is most prone to inflammation, as we sweat and the pores clog much faster. At the same time, the body loses a lot of moisture and tries to somehow compensate for this by releasing even more fat. So don't forget about moisturizing, but use lighter textures that won't clog your pores even more.

in autumn

skin looks its best. It's not so hot anymore, but it's not cold yet. At this time you need to start preparing for the frosty season. Do peelings and nourishing masks.

in winter

It’s cold outside, and there are radiators in the rooms that dry the air. Even oily dermis is approaching its normal state. Introduce natural oils into your daily routine. For example, camellia sasanqua oil. It will give you a radiant and healthy look.

in spring

the dermis is dehydrated. This is why it is so important to use tonics. Fabric masks can help you.

Care according to the seasons

In the hot season, the mixed-type epidermis secretes more subcutaneous fat than in the cold season - under different external conditions, care must be appropriate.

Summer care

In summer, the skin requires constant care due to increased activity of the sebaceous glands. It is advisable to carry out the cleansing procedure using appropriate gels that contain components with anti-inflammatory effects.

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Once a week you need peeling with scrubs and at least twice - nutrition with a mask. Direct sunlight has a negative effect on the epidermis and promotes aging. To avoid premature formation of wrinkles in the scorching sun, it is necessary to use special products in the form of creams.

Winter care

At sub-zero temperatures, combination skin is prone to flaking, so it needs to be moisturized. Peeling with scrubs during winter is best done no more than once within fourteen days. Before going outside, it is recommended to apply protective cream (at least half an hour before).

In winter, you need to increase the amount of foods rich in vitamins (sour cream, cottage cheese, eggs) in your diet. In winter, it is possible to use a moisturizing cream with a thicker consistency than in summer.

Spring care

During spring, oily areas of mixed skin require more frequent touching with a napkin due to increased production of subcutaneous sebum. Foods high in fat should be excluded from the diet - their consumption will lead to increased activity of the sebaceous glands.

Much attention should be paid to cleansing: regular use of masks is advisable. The temperature outside the window changes from minus to plus – the use of protective cream is no longer required.

Autumn care

After a hot summer, with the onset of autumn days, solar activity also decreases, so the skin no longer requires protection from the scorching rays of the sun with special means. Now she needs nutrition in the form of regular use of masks, especially in dry areas. It is necessary to increase the amount of vitamins in the diet or use them in the form of dietary supplements.

The article is advisory in nature: before use, consultation with a specialist is required to determine the presence of contraindications.

Care at different ages

With age, the body's needs change. What suited you at 20 will no longer do the job at 40. That’s why it’s so important to change your skincare products on time.

Until the age of 25, the only problem may be acne. Use clay masks and don’t forget about quality cleansing. Well, hydration should be on your daily list of must-dos.

After 25 years, you need to start using cosmetics that prevent the occurrence of wrinkles.

After 35 years, the first signs of aging appear. To minimize them, use a more nourishing moisturizer or oil.

After 40 years, you need to start doing facial massage. For example, special glass jars. They will allow you to prolong your youth as much as possible.

What is the difference between skin type and skin condition?

Before choosing products and skincare routines, you need to know two basic concepts: skin type and skin condition.

Although there is much overlap between these two concepts, they differ on one central point: we are born with our skin type, and this characteristic is more or less stable throughout life, while skin conditions often change and are treatable.

Sounds a little confusing? Let's take an example: Sensitive skin is a skin type because a person is born with a reduced tolerance to touch, temperature changes, changes in humidity, and even sometimes hypersensitivity to certain ingredients.

On the other hand, irritated skin is a condition and not a type because it is a temporary condition and can be corrected with proper care and diet. So you can have sensitive skin without irritation. Consider, for example, sunburn; This is a type of skin irritation that can be relieved by using after-sun products and stopping sun exposure.

Sunburn

Why is this important to know? Many people end up misjudging their skin by confusing concepts. This means they choose products that are not effective for their skin or may even make it worse.

A classic example: patients often think they have oily skin, but in reality they are mistreating it. You can tell about improper care by the fact that the skin looks oily on the surface, but when you try to wrinkle your nose or forehead, it turns out to be wrinkled and dry. This condition is associated with the use of the wrong products, such as drying products for oily skin, having a completely different type. This causes the body to defend itself by increasing sebum production. If you switch to proper care, this condition will disappear.

Dry skin

Dry skin comes in many forms and can – if it is very dry – resemble sensitive skin. This is due to a weakened protective barrier. Dry skin often lacks moisture, both in the form of water and oil, and can also become very red.

Features of dry skin: has visible dryness and small pores, is prone to wrinkles and has poor elasticity. The skin in some areas is dense and rough. You feel tightness and itching, especially after washing your face, and your skin is dry. It is also characterized by surface peeling and periodic redness.

Dry skin

Pronounced superficial and deep wrinkles on dry skin

It is important to distinguish between dry and dehydrated skin:

• Dry skin is caused by a lack of oil secretion;
• Dehydration is a temporary skin condition that can be corrected with moisturizing treatments. Skin dehydration is caused by climatic and environmental conditions.

If your skin describes more than one of the following, you probably have dry skin:

• It has a matte surface and feels dry to the touch, and in some cases almost rough;
• Contracts when wrinkling the nose or forehead;
• The pores are almost invisible;
• Quickly absorbs the cream;
• Problems with facial makeup, often applied unevenly;
• There is no great tendency for pimples to appear, but they can occur in places;
• Skin care products may sting when applied;
• Fine lines and wrinkles on the skin are noticeably reduced after using moisturizer.

Contaminated skin

The condition is characterized by open and closed comedones (blackheads) and blockages beneath the surface of the skin. The skin has an uneven surface.

Contaminated skin with closed comedones

The black color of acne is oxidized sebum, not dirt. The second type of blockage, a pimple, is located on the outside of the pore and is often yellow in color. You probably tried to squeeze them out, and saw that the contents were a yellowish liquid. The final type of blockage is a pimple that sits under the skin, and it tends to be very painful and uncomfortable and also takes longer to heal.

If one or more of the following descriptions apply to you, this is a sign that your skin is clogged:

• Small blackheads around the skin, mainly located around the nose and cheeks;
• Swollen pimples with a yellow “head” around the face. They vary in size and usually occur on the forehead, around the mouth and near the nose;
• You experience uncomfortable, swollen, and painful pimples that sit under the skin and can be painful.

Sensitive skin

Sensitive skin is best described as “reactive” skin. This means that it reacts and changes character depending on its environment. Depending on how sensitive your skin is, it can react to everything from changes in temperature or humidity, the cosmetics you use, touch, and more. Many people confuse dry or irritated skin with sensitive skin, but in reality, sensitive skin may be oilier and suffer from impurities and breakouts.

Features of sensitive skin: it is thinner, lighter and more sensitive, with impaired barrier function and a large number of capillaries. The skin has an uneven structure. Requires special care and caution when using new cosmetics. People with sensitive skin who are more exposed to the sun develop eczema or rosacea.

Rosacea on sensitive facial skin

If your skin describes more than one of the following, you probably have sensitive skin:

• Varies greatly from season to season;
• Makeup and grooming are often associated with acne;
• Tends to become hot and red when touched or physically affected (such as from cleansing masks or facial scrubs);
• Lots of redness on the skin in general;
• Allergy, rash, itching, dryness;
• Flushes easily from heat or cold;
• Not all means are suitable. Often experiences adverse reactions when using new products;
• Unpredictable and can change greatly from day to day.

Dehydrated skin

This condition causes dandruff and very fine wrinkles. Comedones (blackheads) and excessive sebum production may occur. The skin on the surface feels tight, especially on the forehead and above the cheekbones.

Dehydrated skin

Dehydrated skin is very common, but it is easy to treat. It goes without saying that drinking plenty of water is important, and special care is also important.

If one or more of the following applies to you, this is a sign of dehydrated skin:

• The skin turns red, but does not seem irritated;
• The appearance is dry and small, fine lines appear, especially pronounced around the eyes, forehead and mouth. Immediately after applying the cream they are much less noticeable;
• The skin quickly absorbs care products.

Normal skin

An even complexion, unpronounced pores, a healthy blush - all these are signs of normal skin. This is the most desirable skin type for women, but it is not common. Thanks to the proper functioning of the sebaceous glands and normal blood circulation, skin cells receive important vitamins and microelements in the right quantities.

How to care for normal skin

Despite the fact that normal skin is not picky and has no obvious problems, daily comprehensive care is still necessary. Regular moisturizing plays an important role, which will help the skin remain young and tight for a long time. Also, do not forget about other basic stages of care: cleansing and toning.

Example of a care plan

1. Washing - foam with snail mucin and green tea 2. Toning - floral lifting toner 3. Moisturizing - multi-face cream with peptides and antioxidant complex 4. Intensive care (1-2 times a week) - rejuvenating mask with complex mineral mud

General rules of care

To restore the protective functions of the skin, it is necessary to prevent moisture loss. To do this, you need to restore the protective layer: moisturizers with hyaluronic acid, ceramides, and glycerin are suitable here. Look for creams that are approved by dermatologists; they are unlikely to cause allergic reactions. And don’t forget about the basic rules of care:

• It is important to always cleanse your skin. Even if you have not used cosmetics, you need to wash your face with special milk: during the day, dirt and dust accumulate on your face - an ideal environment for bacteria. Do this carefully so as not to injure the skin.
• When washing your face, turn on warm water: too hot or cold can cause irritation. And under no circumstances use regular soap!
• Moisturizing facial skin at home necessarily includes the use of cream. Use it twice a day: morning and evening. Apply half an hour before leaving the house so that the cream has time to absorb. Gradually gently massage the product into the skin: this way the nutrients will penetrate the cells faster. It is better to use creams that are suitable as a base for makeup.
• At night, the cream should be applied immediately after washing and at least half an hour before bedtime.

If your skin is sensitive, very dry and prone to irritation, then the ultra-moisturizing Cera Cream for face and body will suit it. It is dermatologist approved and hypoallergenic, which means it will not cause irritation. The cream also contains many useful substances:

• A complex of ceramides - key elements of the stratum corneum - will restore the lipid barrier and retain water molecules.
• Aloe vera gel contains components that have an anti-inflammatory effect and enhance cell regeneration,
• Sorbitol is a natural compound that can retain water on the surface of the skin.

Thanks to this composition, the skin is moisturized for 24 hours, the feeling of discomfort and tightness disappears. The cream is quickly absorbed and does not leave a sticky film, and will also be an excellent base for makeup and is suitable for children from three years old.

How to properly care for your skin in spring?

Renewal is what spring is associated with. After all, winter time is not the most favorable for the epidermis, since the cold season is characterized by:

• low temperatures;
• dry indoor air;
• cooling wind;
• deficiency of the sun, and with it vitamin D.

It is important to take proper care of your skin. By creating protection from external influences, it builds up the stratum corneum - therefore it becomes dull and lifeless. Renewal procedures in spring are more appropriate than ever. A good scrub will perfectly clean, refresh and invigorate. Its use also involves massaging the face and body.

In addition to scrubbing, it is important to carry out daily nutrition with morning and night creams.